Saliency maps are obtained by stacking a family of hierarchical contours. Such maps were introduced in the PhD of Laurent Najman, rediscovered independently by Laurent Guigues in a IJCV paper on a scale-set theory, and popularized by Pablo Arbelaez under the name of ultrametric contour maps. An equivalence theorem betwen saliency maps and ultrametric watersheds have been proposed in JMIV-2011. Currently, Jean Cousty and Laurent Najman are working towards proposing efficient and proven algorithms that compute saliency maps.
Saliency based on a depth criterion
Sailiency based on a shape criterion
Saliency on a mesh from a curvature based-criterion